{"id":2513,"date":"2013-04-11T17:44:42","date_gmt":"2013-04-11T17:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/?p=2513"},"modified":"2019-07-13T13:25:42","modified_gmt":"2019-07-13T13:25:42","slug":"science-news-pseudoenzymes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/04\/11\/science-news-pseudoenzymes\/","title":{"rendered":"Science Review: Pseudoenzymes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Concepts: <strong>Psudeoenzymes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Source<\/strong>: A News Focus\u00a0piece in <em><a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/340\/6128\/25\">Science<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>(April 5, 2013).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>History<\/strong>: A 2002 study found that of 518 human protein kinases encoded in the DNA, about 10% lack at least one of three amino acids necessary for phosphate transfer. This was the first time the magnitude of the phenomenon was appreciated.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Likely mechanisms for creation<\/strong>:\u00a0(1) duplication of enzyme&#8217;s gene followed by loss of catalytic function; and (2) duplication followed by a gain of catalytic ability (which is likely less common).\u00a0That these are not\u00a0merely degraded sequences is proven by the fact that evolutionary lineages show them to be undergoing conservation.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Common molecular functions<\/strong>\u00a0include their (often: retained) ability to bind to their active kin enzyme (or its binding partners, including target proteins). Thus can form protein platforms to regulate kin enzymes (by associating proteins, by bringing into an active conformation, by translocating).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Interesting\u00a0organism\u00a0function<\/strong>: Mice block Toxoplasma with IRG proteins, which the parasite counters with ROP18 and pseudo-enzyme ROP5 proteins. There are many ROP5 proteins; it makes sense for the parasite to mutate ROP5 (and not ROP18) in its arms race against IRG, since ROP5 is more resilient to mutations whilst maintaining its function, than ROP18 whose catalytic function is relatively vulnerable.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>An implication<\/strong>:\u00a0Tantalizing drug targets, but little research yet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Concepts: Psudeoenzymes Source: A News Focus\u00a0piece in Science\u00a0(April 5, 2013). History: A 2002 study found that of 518 human protein kinases encoded in the DNA, about 10% lack at least one of three amino acids necessary for phosphate transfer. This was the first time the magnitude of the phenomenon was appreciated. Likely mechanisms for creation:\u00a0(1) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[159,242,16,17],"tags":[],"metadata":[],"class_list":["post-2513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all-posts","category-evernote-entries","category-science","category-science-news"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2401,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/04\/18\/pseudoenzyme-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":2513,"position":0},"title":"Pseudoenzyme","author":"Pala","date":"April 18, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"A lot of what scientists do is\u00a0curating nature.\u00a0That is, describing the different bits of nature, at different scales, categorizing them, and listing their relationships, in which they look for patterns. Scientists did this when they undertook the\u00a0Human Genome Project, a massive effort to describe the chemical composition and order of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2471,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/04\/10\/science-review-floral-electric-fields-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":2513,"position":1},"title":"Science Review: Floral electric fields","author":"Pala","date":"April 10, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Concept: Floral electric fields, bumblebee multimodal cues Source: A (original research) Report\u00a0in Science\u00a0(April 5, 2013). Background: Already known that flowers often exhibit negative field potential versus pollinators' positive field potential. Also, that multimodal floral cues enhance foraging efficiency and pollination. Also that bees transfer information back to the plant for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2470,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/04\/07\/science-review-oncometabolites-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":2513,"position":2},"title":"Science Review: Oncometabolites","author":"Pala","date":"April 7, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Concept: Oncometabolites. Also: Dynamic interplay of metabolome and epigenome. Source: News and Views\u00a0in Nature\u00a0(April 3, 2013) of a study published in Science. Background: It was already known that mutations in proteins involved in metabolism may be associated with cancer, but this is the first study to show that a metabolite\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2481,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/04\/22\/science-review-imperfect-sensory-information-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":2513,"position":3},"title":"Science Review: Imperfect sensory information","author":"Pala","date":"April 22, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Concept: Imperfect sensory information. Source: A Nature News & Views, referencing recent original research from Science\u00a0(April 5, 2013). Background: Previous work proved that there is noise in decision making, leaving open the question as to the noise's source (e.g. sensory organ, ability to accumulate information, biases, strategy for estimating information\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":40,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2014\/09\/28\/science-news-on-one-foot-circa-september-25\/","url_meta":{"origin":2513,"position":4},"title":"Science News on One Foot (circa September 25)","author":"Pala","date":"September 28, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Three headlines selected from this week's Science\/Nature journals: (1) Memory in the innate immune system, (2) water in extrasolar atmospheres, and (3) enhancing photosynthesis in crops. Herein I summarize these, highlighting what makes them interesting to this person.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2485,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/05\/16\/science-review-bioproxies-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":2513,"position":5},"title":"Science Review: Bioproxies","author":"Pala","date":"May 16, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Source: [TREND_G] The desired outcome\u00a0after having 'known'\u00a0this concept\u00a0is a novel perception. The seed for this perception is the concept of bioproxies, that I can define as 'xyz', and in the literature includes the following distinctions 'a,b,c'. Example: Madagascar which was settled in the mid-first millennium: \u00a0The local language is Malagasy\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/padotI-Ex","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2513"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2513\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2513"},{"taxonomy":"metadata","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/metadata?post=2513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}