{"id":2472,"date":"2013-04-07T18:40:38","date_gmt":"2013-04-07T18:40:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/?p=2472"},"modified":"2019-07-13T09:39:00","modified_gmt":"2019-07-13T09:39:00","slug":"science-review-adaptive-diversification-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/04\/07\/science-review-adaptive-diversification-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Science Review: Adaptive diversification"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Concept<\/strong>: Adaptive diversification. Also: allopatric diversification; sympatric diversification; frequency-dependent selection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Source<\/strong>: An (original research) article published in PLoS Biology\u00a0(February 19, 2013)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Background<\/strong>: A dichotomy of diversification follows depending on whether the\u00a0ancestral populations were geographically isolated from each other (allopatric diversification) or not (sympatric diversification).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>History<\/strong>: Same authors show that a single strain grown in the presence of both glucose and\u00a0acetate diversify into coexisting stable populations that (relatively) specialize in using either glucose\/acetate.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Experiment<\/strong> setup:\u00a0Same as before, but now conduct whole-genome sequencing from three replicate diverged populations. Sequence not only at end-point, but also use frozen samples collected in intermediate generations.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results<\/strong>: All three replicates had similar evolutionary trajectories. First to develop are rare glucose-specialization mutations (100 generations) that eventually dominate (300 gen&#8217;s); after which acetate-specialization mutations gain frequency, until eventually, both types co-exist at intermediate levels until the end of the experiment (1045 gen&#8217;s). This is consistent with frequency-dependent selection in which the frequency of one strain causes (and so correlates with) the selective pressure on another strain. Here dominance of glucose metabolizers would create a relative excess of acetate enabling an advantage for acetate metabolizers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Concept: Adaptive diversification. Also: allopatric diversification; sympatric diversification; frequency-dependent selection. Source: An (original research) article published in PLoS Biology\u00a0(February 19, 2013) Background: A dichotomy of diversification follows depending on whether the\u00a0ancestral populations were geographically isolated from each other (allopatric diversification) or not (sympatric diversification). History: Same authors show that a single strain grown in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[159,242,16,17],"tags":[],"metadata":[],"class_list":["post-2472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all-posts","category-evernote-entries","category-science","category-science-news"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2510,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/04\/29\/parallel-evolutionary-dynamics-of-adaptive-diversification\/","url_meta":{"origin":2472,"position":0},"title":"Science Review: Parallel evolutionary dynamics of adaptive diversification","author":"Pala","date":"April 29, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"There is a Research Highlights piece (in Nat Rev Gen [Nature Review Genetics]) on a paper entitled Parallel evolutionary dynamics of adaptive diversification in Escherichia coli (in PLoS Biol), which studies the principle of\u00a0sympatric diversification, which is the \"organismal diversification or speciation that occurs without [...] geographical separation of [the]\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1076,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2016\/08\/08\/musings-on-acetic-acid\/","url_meta":{"origin":2472,"position":1},"title":"Musings on Acetic Acid","author":"Pala","date":"August 8, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"An original introduction to the science and nutrition of apple cider vinegar (ACV) supplementation for horses Or; fact versus fantasy ACV is a popular supplement given to horses (as well as cattle and people), and has been claimed to do everything from curing cancer to osteoporosis, to repelling mosquitos. This\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":40,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2014\/09\/28\/science-news-on-one-foot-circa-september-25\/","url_meta":{"origin":2472,"position":2},"title":"Science News on One Foot (circa September 25)","author":"Pala","date":"September 28, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Three headlines selected from this week's Science\/Nature journals: (1) Memory in the innate immune system, (2) water in extrasolar atmospheres, and (3) enhancing photosynthesis in crops. Herein I summarize these, highlighting what makes them interesting to this person.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2444,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2013\/04\/22\/whiskey-and-speed-in-aldinga\/","url_meta":{"origin":2472,"position":3},"title":"Science Review: Technology Briefs","author":"Pala","date":"April 22, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"2012_11: Genomic Epidemiology\u00a0uses full genome sequencing of pathogens collected from (suspected) patients to trace the transmission vector. [http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/338\/6110\/1019.summary] 2012_11: Biochar\u00a0is charred (heated without air) biomass, that has the potential to mitigate climate change and - important for its economic viability - benefit agriculture. For the former it removes carbon from\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2907,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2014\/10\/14\/notes-on-nature-magazine-08-oct-2014\/","url_meta":{"origin":2472,"position":4},"title":"Notes on Nature Magazine 08 Oct 2014","author":"Pala","date":"October 14, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"http:\/\/www.nature.com.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au\/nature\/journal\/v514\/n7521\/full\/nature13752.html Health: The weighty costs of non-caloric sweeteners A new study shows that metabolic changes induced by non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) (e.g. elevated fasting glucose) are induced by (and can be directly induced by) changes to gut bacteria. Include human demonstration. Further hypotheses: (1) Increase in bacteria that break down\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1770,"url":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/2011\/02\/08\/the-rise-and-fall-of-societies-in-prehistoric-greece-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":2472,"position":5},"title":"The rise and fall of societies in prehistoric Greece","author":"Pala","date":"February 8, 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"The Ancient Greeks who presaged our philosophies, political systems, and\u00a0arts\u00a0emerged in a land that had already been settled by mankind for tens of thousands of years. Despite what\u00a0some\u00a0of them\u00a0believed\u00a0the Greeks were not been born out of the Earth, but rather from the ashes of earlier societies. In Greece's prehistory -\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All Posts","link":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/all-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/padotI-DS","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2472\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2472"},{"taxonomy":"metadata","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thetravellerslastjourney.com\/shai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/metadata?post=2472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}